Assessment of Land Surface Schemes from the WRF-Chem for Atmospheric Modeling in the Andean Region of Ecuador

Surface interactions occur near the land–atmosphere interface, thus affecting temperature, convection, boundary layer, and stability of atmosphere. A proper representation surface is a crucial component for numerical atmospheric air quality modeling. We assessed four land schemes—1. 5–layer thermal diffusion scheme (1 5-Layer); 2. unified Noah model (2 Noah); 3. rapid update cycle (3 RUC) model; 4. Pleim–Xiu (4 Pleim–Xiu)—from Weather Research Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem V3.2) purposes modeling in Cuenca, which region complex topography use configuration located Southern Andean region, Ecuador. For this purpose, we modeled meteorological variables during September 2014. It was found that short-term were better through 2 scheme. Long-term (mean monthly) by 1 5–Layer 3 RUC options. On average, at meteorology quality. In addition, combined urban canopy (UCM) (5 UCM), developed as an option to represent effects subgrid-scale. Results indicated performance 5 UCM not than alone. Moreover, notably decreased carbon monoxide fine particulate matter. These results complement previous assessments other schemes, allowing us recommend basic parameters